Subacute effect of decabromodiphenyl ethane on hepatotoxicity and hepatic enzyme activity in rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Information regarding decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) effects on hepatotoxicity and metabolism is limited. In the present study, Wistar rats were given oral DBDPE at different doses. DBDPE induced oxidative stress, elevated blood glucose levels, increased CYP2B2 mRNA, CYP2B1/2 protein, 7-pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase (PROD) activity, and induced CYP3A2 mRNA, CYP3A2 protein, and luciferin benzylether debenzylase (LBD) activity. UDPGT activity increased with its increasing exposure levels, suggesting that oral DBDPE exposure induces drug-metabolizing enzymes in rats via the CAR/PXR signaling pathway. The induction of CYPs and co-regulated enzymes of phase II biotransformation may affect the homeostasis of endogenous substrates, including thyroid hormones, which may, in turn, alter glucose metabolism.

Impact of traffic emissions on local air quality and the potential toxicity of traffic-related particulates in Beijing, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Air-borne particulates from different sources could have different physicochemical properties and inflammatory potentials. This study aims to characterize the chemical compositions and the toxicity of ambient particulate matter (PM) associated with traffic emissions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The concentrations of trace elements, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 and PM10 were measured in samples collected at sites in Beijing, China. Their toxic effects on the pulmonary system of rats were investigated. Biochemical parameters (LDH, T-AOC, TP) and inflammatory cytokine(IL-6, IL-1, TNF-a) levels were measured in the lungs of rats exposed to traffic-related PM. Oxidative damage was observed. PM samples were taken from a near road site and an off road site in summer time in 2006.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The concentrations of the USEPA priority pollutant PAHs in both PM10 and PM2.5 were higher (299.658 and 348.412) at the near road site than those (237.728 and 268.472) at the off road site. The similar trend was observed for the concentrations of trace elements in PM. Compared to coarse particles (PM10), fine particles (PM2.5) have a greater adsorption capacity to enrich toxic elements than inhalable particles. Decrease in antioxidant capacity and an increase in the amount of lipid peroxidation products in rat lung tissues was observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The findings of the present study suggest that the differing inflammatory responses of PM collected from the two road sites might have been mediated by the differing physicochemical characteristics.</p>

Oxidative damage to lung tissue and peripheral blood in endotracheal PM2.5-treated rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the oxidative damage to lung tissue and peripherial blood in PM2.5-treated rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PM2.5 samples were collected using an auto-sampling instrument in summer and winter. Treated samples were endotracheally instilled into rats. Activity of reduced glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) were used as oxidative damage biomarkers of lung tissue and peripheral blood detected with the biochemical method. DNA migration length (microm) and rate of tail were used as DNA damage biomarkers of lung tissue and peripheral blood detected with the biochemical method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The activity of GSH-Px and the concentration of MDA in lung tissue significantly decreased after exposure to PM2.5 for 7-14 days. In peripheral blood, the concentration of MDA decreased, but the activity of GSH-Px increased 7 and 14 days after experiments. The two indicators had a dose-effect relation and similar changing tendency in lung tissue and peripheral blood. The DNA migration length (microm) and rate of tail in lung tissue and peripheral blood significantly increased 7 and 14 days after exposure to PM2.5. The two indicators had a dose-effect relation and similar changing tendency in lung tissue and peripheral blood.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PM2.5 has a definite oxidative effect on lung tissue and peripheral blood. The activity of GSH-Px and the concentration of MDA are valuable biomarkers of oxidative lung tissue damage induced by PM2.5. The DNA migration length (microm) and rate of tail are simple and valuable biomarkers of PM2.5-induced DNA damage in lung tissues and peripheral blood. The degree of DNA damage in peripheral blood can predict the degree of DNA damage in lung tissue.</p>

Rotational alignment in total knee arthroplasty / 中国骨伤

Patellofemoral complications are the most common complications after total knee arthroplasty. The rotational alignment of the femoral component during operations is related to the occurrence of the patellofemoral complications, and is extremely important for the clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty.

8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage induced by environmental tobacco side-stream smoke and its mechanism / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the genotoxicity effect of environmental tobacco side-stream smokes (ETSS) on oxidative DNA damage and its molecular mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DNA adduct 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. The level of 8-OHdG in DNA exposed to ETSS was detected by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Organic and inorganic components in ETSS were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrum and atomic absorption spectrum respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Particle matters (PMs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ETSS could directly induce oxidative DNA damage and formation of 8-OHdG. There were 123 and 84 kinds of organic components in PMs and VOCs respectively, and 7 kinds of inorganic components in ETSS. Some components, especially quinones and polyphenols in ETSS, could produce free radicals in vitro by auto-oxidation without any biological activity systems, and with the catalytic reaction of metals, the DNA adduct 8-OHdG was produced.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ETSS have biological oxidative effect on DNA in vitro and in vivo, and expressed direct genotoxicity. 8-OHdG is a valuable biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.</p>